1.) Define the word "MUMMY."
A mummy is any ancient body that is either wholly or partly preserved, which means that it has mostly escaped decay.
2.) According to CURRENT SCIENCE BELIEFS, what are some REASONS people were intentionally mummified?
According to Current Science Beliefs, people were intentionally mummified in order for them to "endure". Many mummified bodies of children were discovered in northern Chile, and scientists believe that their parents turned them into mummies in order to keep their children close a little while longer.
3.) What features of the natural environment can cause bodies to be mummified unintentionally?
People can be unintentionally mummified by being frozen (like Otzi the Iceman), or by being preserved in bogs. If a body is frozen, it won't rot as easily, and if someone is thrown into a bog, they may sink in and be preserved by the mud.
4.) Cadaver: a corpse or dead body.
5.) Anthropology: the study of humans - their social relationships with other humans, their origin, and everything else about them.
6.) Societal: relating to how a society works, the structure of a society.
7.) Transgressions: a law violation, breaking the law or rules.
8.) In what parts of the world have mummies been found?
Mummies have been found all over the world - China, Chile, England, Egypt, and many other countries. The only places where mummies will not be found would be in areas where the climate simply cannot preserve bodies. Warm and moist weather will hasten the decay of cadavers, and when scientists go digging around and looking for them, they will have turned to dust.
9.) In what types of places (physical geography & climate) have mummies been found?
Mummies have been found in mountainous/cold places, as well as desert areas. These places are more likely to preserve bodies and create mummies. If people have purposely mummified others in warm and wet climates, yet have taken precautions to keep them from rotting, then mummies will be found in places where they would be less likely to have lasted if unintentionally mummified.
10.) How did Ancient Egyptians preserve their dead?
Ancient Egyptians preserved their dead through a number of steps:
1. Get the brain out of the skull through the nose. (The place where the brain used to be would eventually be filled with tree sap or cloth and sap.)
2. The person's chest would be sliced open, and all the major organs except for the heart would be removed. (They would be placed in jars for preservation)
3. The empty hole left from where all the organs were was cleaned and stuffed with a local and organic drying agent called natron.
4. The body was left by itself in order to dry for 40 days.
5. The now dried-up corpse was sewed back together after being stuffed with cloth, sawdust, ash, or salt, to make sure that it would maintain its shape. The seam was usually reinforced with metal or wax.
6. The eye sockets were filled with fake eyeballs.
7. The body was cleansed and wrapped in cloth.
8. The mummy was ready to be placed in its tomb.
11.) Why do you think ancient Egyptians took such care to embalm their dead if the desert could do the job for them?
I think that Egyptians took such care to embalm their dead if the desert could do the job for them, because they thought that the body needed to be preserved for Afterlife, and also that it was just a way of showing respect. Ancient Egyptians believed in an Afterlife, and they usually hid tools or pendants that a person might need in the wrappings and coffin of the mummy. (Especially for kings.) If a person arrived in Afterlife without an intact body, it could have been believed that he/she would not survive very long there. I think that maybe mummification was a way of showing respect to the dead person as well.
A mummy is any ancient body that is either wholly or partly preserved, which means that it has mostly escaped decay.
2.) According to CURRENT SCIENCE BELIEFS, what are some REASONS people were intentionally mummified?
According to Current Science Beliefs, people were intentionally mummified in order for them to "endure". Many mummified bodies of children were discovered in northern Chile, and scientists believe that their parents turned them into mummies in order to keep their children close a little while longer.
3.) What features of the natural environment can cause bodies to be mummified unintentionally?
People can be unintentionally mummified by being frozen (like Otzi the Iceman), or by being preserved in bogs. If a body is frozen, it won't rot as easily, and if someone is thrown into a bog, they may sink in and be preserved by the mud.4.) Cadaver: a corpse or dead body.
5.) Anthropology: the study of humans - their social relationships with other humans, their origin, and everything else about them.
6.) Societal: relating to how a society works, the structure of a society.
7.) Transgressions: a law violation, breaking the law or rules.
8.) In what parts of the world have mummies been found?
Mummies have been found all over the world - China, Chile, England, Egypt, and many other countries. The only places where mummies will not be found would be in areas where the climate simply cannot preserve bodies. Warm and moist weather will hasten the decay of cadavers, and when scientists go digging around and looking for them, they will have turned to dust.
9.) In what types of places (physical geography & climate) have mummies been found?Mummies have been found in mountainous/cold places, as well as desert areas. These places are more likely to preserve bodies and create mummies. If people have purposely mummified others in warm and wet climates, yet have taken precautions to keep them from rotting, then mummies will be found in places where they would be less likely to have lasted if unintentionally mummified.
10.) How did Ancient Egyptians preserve their dead?
Ancient Egyptians preserved their dead through a number of steps:
1. Get the brain out of the skull through the nose. (The place where the brain used to be would eventually be filled with tree sap or cloth and sap.)
2. The person's chest would be sliced open, and all the major organs except for the heart would be removed. (They would be placed in jars for preservation)
3. The empty hole left from where all the organs were was cleaned and stuffed with a local and organic drying agent called natron.4. The body was left by itself in order to dry for 40 days.
5. The now dried-up corpse was sewed back together after being stuffed with cloth, sawdust, ash, or salt, to make sure that it would maintain its shape. The seam was usually reinforced with metal or wax.
6. The eye sockets were filled with fake eyeballs.
7. The body was cleansed and wrapped in cloth.
8. The mummy was ready to be placed in its tomb.
11.) Why do you think ancient Egyptians took such care to embalm their dead if the desert could do the job for them?
I think that Egyptians took such care to embalm their dead if the desert could do the job for them, because they thought that the body needed to be preserved for Afterlife, and also that it was just a way of showing respect. Ancient Egyptians believed in an Afterlife, and they usually hid tools or pendants that a person might need in the wrappings and coffin of the mummy. (Especially for kings.) If a person arrived in Afterlife without an intact body, it could have been believed that he/she would not survive very long there. I think that maybe mummification was a way of showing respect to the dead person as well.
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